Description

Chapter 1: Introduction 1
• Biostatistics 1
Chapter 2: Sources and Presentation of Data 10
• Statistical Data 11
• Methods of Presentation 13
• Presentation or Illustration of
Quantitative Data 20
• Presentation or Illustration of
Qualitative Data 30
Chapter 3: Measures of Location—Averages and Percentiles 35
• Measures of Central Tendency—Averages 36
• Measures of Location—Percentiles 48
Chapter 4: Variability and its Measures 57
• Types of Variability 57
• Measures of Variability 61
Chapter 5: Normal Distribution and Normal Curve 98
• Demonstration of a Normal Distribution 100
• Normal Curve 101
• Relative or Standard Normal Deviate or Variate (Z) 103
• Asymmetrical Distributions 106
• Further Notes on Normal Probability Distribution 108
• Problems on Normal Probability Distribution 110
Chapter 6: Sampling 113
• Sample Characteristics 114
• Sampling Techniques 121
Chapter 7: Probability (Chance) 128
• Laws of Probability 130
• Further Notes on Probability 139
• Binomial Probability Distribution Function 145

Chapter 8: Sampling Variability and Significance 151
• Sampling Distribution 151
• Significance 152
• Tests of Significance 162

Chapter 9: Significance of Difference in Means 167
• Standard Error of Mean (SEX – ) 167
• Standard Error of Difference between Two Means of Large Samples 171
• Significance of Difference between Means of Small Samples by Student’s t-Test 178
Chapter 10: Significance of Difference in Proportions of Large Samples 194
• Standard Error of Proportion (SEP) 196
Chapter 11: The Chi-square Test 205
• Application of Chi-square 205
• Calculation of χ2 Value 209
Chapter 12: Correlation and Regression 222
• Measures of Relationship between Continuous Variables 222
• Types of Correlation 223
• Calculation of Correlation Coefficient from Ungrouped Series 226
• Calculation of Correlation Coefficient from the Grouped Series 230
• Regression 231
• Calculation of Regression Coefficient 232

Chapter 13: Designing and Methodology of An Experiment or A Study 239
• Steps in Methodology and Designing 240
• Presentation Briefs 247

Chapter 14: Demography and Vital Statistics 249
• Collection of Demographic Data 249
• Medical Certification of the Case of Death 258
• Compilation and Presentation 270
Chapter 15: Measures of Population and Vital Statistics 272
• Measures of Population 272
• Measures of Vital Statistics 285

Chapter 16: Life Table 311
• Uses and Application 311
• Construction of a Life Table 312
• Modified Life Table 322
Chapter 17: Exercises 329
• Answers to Exercises 353
Chapter 18: Computers in Medicine 356
• Application in Methods in Biostatistics 357
• Application in Community or Public Health Care and Management 357
• Applications of Computers in Hospital Establishments, Nursing Homes and Clinics of Academic General Practitioners 359
• Computers in Research 361
Chapter 19: Computer Application in Biostatistical Analysis: An SPSS Manual 362
• Starting SPSS 362
• To Open Data Files 363
• To Obtain Frequency Tables 364
Appendices 397
• Appendix I: Table of Unit Normal
Distribution (UND) Single-tail 397
• Appendix II: Table of ‘t’ 400
• Appendix III: Variance Ratio 402
• Appendix IV: Table of χ2, Probability (P) 404
• Appendix V: The Correlation Coefficient
Table Probability (P) 405
• Appendix VI: Random Numbers 407
• Appendix VII: International Classification
of Disease 409
Bibliography 411