Description

1. General Introduction: Parasitology
Parasites
Host 7
Zoonosis 2
Host-parasite Relationships 2
Life Cycle of Parasites 3
Sources of Infection 3
Modes of Infection 4
Pathogenesis 4
Immunity in Parasitic Infection 5
Immune Evasion 5
Vaccination 5
Laboratory Diagnosis 6

2. Protozoa
General Features 10
Structure 10
Cytoplasm 10
Nucleus 10
Terminologies Used in Protozoology 10
Reproduction 11
Life Cycle 11
Classification of Protozoa 11

3. Amebae 15
Entamoeba histolytica 15
Nonpathogenic Intestinal Ameba 24
Pathogenic Free-living Amebae 26

4. Intestinal, Oral and Genital Flagellates
Giardia lamblia 32
Trichomonas 36
Chilomastix mesnili 38
Enteromonas hominis 38
Retortamonas intestina/is 38
Dientamoeba fragilis 39

5. Hemoflagellates
Zoological Classification of Flagellates 41
General Characteristics 41
Trypanosomes 42
Leishmania 52

6. Malaria and Babesia
Malaria 66
Classification 66
Causative Agents of Human Malaria 66
Malaria Parasite 66
Babesia Species 86
Classification 86
History and Distribution 86
Habitat 86
Morphology 86
Life Cycle 86
Pathogenicity and Clinical Features 87
Laboratory Diagnosis 87
Treatment 88
Prophylaxis 88

7. Coccidia
Toxoplasma gondii 90
/sospora be/Ii 96
Cryptosporidium parvum 97
Cyclospora cayetanensis 100
8/astocystis hominis 101
Sarcocystis 102

8. Microspora 104
History and Distribution 104
Morphology 704
Life Cycle 105
Clinical Features 105
Laboratory Diagnosis 105
Treatment 106
Prophylaxis 706

9. Balantidium coli 107
History and Distribution 107
Habitat 107
Morphology 107
Life Cycle 108
Pathogenesis 108
Clinical Features 109
Laboratory Diagnosis 709
Treatment 709
Prophylaxis 709

10. Helminths: General Features
Phylum Platyhelminthes 7 71
Phylum Nemathelminthes (Nematoda) 7 72
Important Features of Helminths 112
Zoological Classification of Helminths 7 7 3

11. Cestodes: Tapeworms 115
Classification of Cestodes 115
Tapeworms: General Characteristics 115
Pseudophyllidean Tapeworms 117
Cyclophyllidean Tapeworms 122

12. Trematodes: Flukes 141
Classification ofTrematodes 141
Flukes: General Characteristics 747
Life Cycle 142
Blood Flukes 743
Hermaphroditic Flukes: Liver Flukes 150
Intestinal Flukes 156
Lung Flukes 760

13. Nematodes: General Features
General Characteristics 764
Life Cycle 764
Modes of Infection 765
Classification 765
Larva Migrans 765

14. Trichinella spiralis
Common Name 170
History and Distribution 170
Habitat 770
Morphology 110
Life Cycle 7 77
Pathogenicity and Clinical Features 172
Diagnosis 172
Treatment 174
Prophylaxis 174

15. Trichuris trichiura
Common Name 175
History and Distribution 175
Habitat 775
Morphology 175
Life Cycle 7 76
Pathogenicity and Clinical Features 177
Laboratory Diagnosis 7 78
Treatment 178
Prophylaxis 178

16. Strongyloides stercoralis
History and Distribution 180
Habitat 180
Morphology 180
Life Cycle 182
Pathogenicity and Clinical Features 783
Laboratory Diagnosis 184
Treatment 185
Prophylaxis 185

17. Hookworm 187
History and Distribution 187
Ancylostoma duodenale 187
Necator americanus 189
Pathogenicity and Clinical Features of Hookworm Infection 190
Laboratory Diagnosis 797
Treatment 192

Prophylaxis 793
Other Hookworms 193
Trichostrongyliasis 793

18. Enterobius vermicularis
Common Name 795
History and Distribution 795
Habitat 795
Morphology 795
Life Cycle 796
Pathogenicity and Clinical Features 196
Laboratory Diagnosis 797
Treatment 798
Prophylaxis 7 99

19. Ascaris /umbricoides
Common Name 200
History and Distribution 200
Habitat 200
Morphology 200
Life Cycle 201
Pathogenicity and Clinical Features 203
Laboratory Diagnosis 205
Treatment 205
Prophylaxis 205

20. Filarial Worms
Lymphatic Filariasis 270
Subcutaneous Filariasis 2 7 9

21. Dracunculus medinensis
Common Name 225
History and Distribution 225
Habitat 225
Morphology 225
Life Cycle 226
Pathogenicity and Clinical Features 227
Laboratory Diagnosis 227
Treatment 227
Prophylaxis 229

22. Miscellaneous Nematodes
Angiostrongylus cantonensis 230
Capillaria philippinensis 231
Gnathostoma spinigerum 231
Anisakiasis 232

23. Diagnostic Methods in Parasitology
Examination of Stool 234
Examination of Blood 240
Sputum Examination 242
Urine or Body Fluids Examination 243
Tissue Biopsy 243
Muscle Biopsy 243
Duodenal Capsule Technique {Enterotest) 243
Sigmoidoscopy Material 244
Urogenital Specimen 244
Cult ure Methods 244
Animal Inoculation 245
Xenodiagnosis 245
Immunological Diagnosis 246
Skin Tests 247
Molecular Methods 247